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ISIS Report 09/03/09
Acceptance of GM Crops Exaggerated
FoE exposes false and misleading statistics presented by industry-funded
group to promote GM crops Brett
Cherry
False and misleading statistics
The acceptance of GM crops exaggerated, says a report released by environmental
group Friends of the Earth International (FoE) in February 2009 [1], which
criticises the industry-funded International Service for the Acquisition of
Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) for inflating statistics on GM crops grown
in the world.
According to its annual brief, the ISAAA highlights the fact that 25 countries
in the world are growing GM crops; but they make up only 2.4 percent of global
agricultural land, FoE points out. The ISAAA claims a 21 percent increase
of GM crops grown in the EU for 2008; but FoE reveals an actual 2 percent
decrease between 2007 and 2008, and a 35 percent decrease in GM crops grown
in the EU over the past 4 years.
The ISAAA brief did not include Romania and France in its figures for 2005-2007,
making it appear that a significant rise in GM crops had occurred in Europe,
especially in 2008. But since Romania became an EU member state in 2007,
it no longer grows GM crops, accounting for most of the 35 percent decrease
of GM crops in the EU. This decrease also includes France, which banned GM
maize MON810 in 2008.
Romania and France joined Austria, Poland, Greece and Hungary in banning
MON810. But despite the national ban, Poland continues to grow MON810. It
is the only GM crop allowed to be grown commercially in the EU. GM crops in
the EU make up only 0.21 percent of its total agricultural land.
The FoE report also exposes other manipulation of global statistics for GM
crops. The ISAAA claims total of “166 million trait hectares” of GM
crops in the world since 2008. This figure was contrived by multiplying the
surface area by the number of traits in GM crops. For example, one field
of GM crops that has three genetically engineered traits becomes three ‘trait
fields’ thereby tripling its figures for ‘trait hectares’.
This is not the first time the ISAAA has presented
false and misleading statistics to promote GM crops [2] (Global GM Crops
Area Exaggerated, SiS 33).
GM's false promises
The ISAAA brief promises greater yields by planting GM seeds. Yet there
has not been a single case of increased yield with commercial GM crops. As
FoE remarks, even the USDA has admitted to no increase in yield potential
for any commercial GM crop in use today. In many cases, GM crops have been
found to yield less [3] (The
Case for A GM-Free Sustainable World, ISP Report).
Another supposed benefit of GM crops,
according tthe ISAAA, is in helping a large proportion of small farmers in
developing countries. The ISAAA claims the total number of biotech farmers
increased by 1.3 million, totalling 13.3 million farmers who use GM crops
of which 12.3 million are “small and resource-poor farmers in developing countries.”
FoE report refers to the UN International Fund for Agricultural Development
estimate of 450 million small and medium-sized farmers worldwide. Assuming
the ISAAA estimate is correct, only 2.7 percent of small farmers in the world
grow GM crops.
The ISAAA further claims that GM crops would result in less pesticide use.
Instead, GM crops promote the spread of large amounts of herbicides like glyphosate-based
Roundup, which is now found to be highly toxic for human and animal cells
[4] (Death by Multiple Poisoning, Glyphosate
and Roundup, SiS 42). FoE reports that since
GM crops have been introduced in the U.S., there has been a 15-fold increase
in glyphosate use on soybeans, corn and cotton from 1994-2005 [1].
FoE says the best method for addressing global issues of poverty and malnutrition
is through agro-ecological and low cost traditional farming techniques [5];
organic agriculture, not GM technology, is the most sustainable solution to
feeding the world. ISIS’ comprehensive report [6], Food Futures Now: *Organic *Sustainable
*Fossil Fuel Free (ISIS publication) shows how organic agriculture and
localised food and energy systems can feed the world and free us from fossil
fuels.
References
- Who benefits from GM crops? Friends of the Earth,
The Netherlands, February 2009
- Burcher S. Global GM crops area exaggerated, Science in Society 33,
7-8, 2007
- Ho MW and Lim LC. The Case for a GM-Free Sustainable World, Independent
Science Panel Report, Institute of Science in Society and Third World Network,
London and Penang, 2003; republished GM-Free, Exposing the Hazards of
Biotechnology to Ensure the Integrity of Our Food Supply, Vitalhealth
Publishing, Ridgefield, Ct., 2004 (both available from ISIS online bookstore
http://www.i-sis.org.uk/onlinestore/books.php#1)
- Ho MW and Cherry B. Death by multiple poisoning. Science
in Society 42 (to appear).
- Best Practices for Organic Policy. What developing country Governments
can do to promote the organic agriculture sector. UNCTAD-UNEP, New York
and Geneva, February 2008.
- Ho MW, Burcher S, Lim LC, et al. Food Futures Now, Organic, Sustainable,
Fossil Fuel Free, ISIS and TWN, London, 2008. http://www.i-sis.org.uk/foodFutures.php
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